[To begin we looked at about 20 famous sayings, answering whether we thought they were from the Bible or not, then whether they were found in the Sermon on the Mount (Matthew 5-7) or not. It was a trick question because all of the passages were from the Sermon on the Mount.]
The sermon on the mount contains all of these famous sayings. Most people in the room know several of these, some people know almost all of them. And all come from this same passage, that we can say is one of the more famous in all of the Bible. But as we get ready to study it, I want to begin by saying that it’s probably one of the most misunderstood passages in Scripture.
Now I have to back up that statement. I’ll start by suggesting a few ideas that most people think this passage talks about. Many people see it as Jesus spelling out the way to live the Christian life. It’s a formula for becoming a Christian. Or it’s a description of moral Christianity. Others see it as a New Testament Version of the Ten commandments. But I would suggest that none of these explanations is accurate.
First, if it were a description of how to live, then you could likely take pieces of the sermon out of context and apply them individually. But if you look at what is actually taught here, and think about how realistic it is to say that we should actually cut out our eye if it causes us to sin, or we are literally guilty of murder for any angry thought… it becomes a system of laws that is far too heavy to bear. We MUST take the Sermon as a whole, and examine each part in the context of the whole or we will miss the meaning entirely. This is true with much of the Bible if not all of it.
So before we break up for discussion, let me give you a little background on this passage. We find it in Matthew chapters 5-7. We know that Matthew was one of the disciples of Jesus, Levi, the former tax collector. We know that his Gospel is written primarily to the Jews, and talks extensively about the coming Kingdom of God or Kingdom of Heaven. His audience being Jewish, would have been very familiar with talk of the coming Kingdom that had been foretold by the old testament prophets. But the kingdom they were expecting was a Political kingdom. They expected a Messiah to come in and establish Israel as a powerful nation with a King who would reign forever. But Matthew throughout his Gospel tears down that image of a Political kingdom and explains Jesus’ teaching that the Kingdom that is coming is a Spiritual one, not Political.
We see Jesus just before this sermon has been going around… look at verse 23 of chapter 4: And He went throughout all Galilee, teaching in their synagogues and proclaiming the gospel of the kingdom and healing every disease and every affliction among the people.
And his teaching continues here in the Sermon on the Mount. It begins with the Beatitudes. Blessed are those…. Let’s look at that section tonight, and discuss the questions.
QUESTIONS for discussion:
How Many beatitudes are there?
How many types of people are described?
Verses 3 and 10 are slightly different from the rest of the beatitudes. What is the difference and why is it important?
Why do you think Jesus began His sermon with the beatitudes?
What does it mean to be poor in spirit?
Why might this be the first of the beatitudes?
What does the second beatitude teach?
What comfort is Jesus talking about?
First we need to answer the question Who is Jesus talking to? Look at verse 2 of chapter 5. His DISCIPLES came to him and sat down and He began to teach them… So He’s talking to His disciples – those who were following Him. Followers of Christ. But then look at the end of the Sermon on the Mount, chapter 7 verse 28. And the CROWDS were astonished… so he was also talking to the crowds… or was He? I think the best explanation is that this teaching was for His disciples, but as He was teaching, more crowds gathered… and He did not stop, but continued to explain what it means to be a follower of Christ, even to those who had not decided to follow Him.
So what’s the main purpose of the Sermon? I wanted to ask this as a discussion question, but without taking time to read the whole sermon it would be unfair to ask that. So I’ll share what I think, and you can study it on your own to see if you agree. I think the main purpose is to explain what it means to follow Christ. Look at verse 11, Blessed are YOU when people… for MY SAKE. He’s clearly talking to His followers, explaining what will happen to them as they follow Him. You are the Salt of the Earth, the Light of the World… That doesn’t apply to all people, but only to those who follow Christ.
And I think He also wants to emphasize that the coming Kingdom is not a political one, but a spiritual one. Why doesn’t He just say that? I think at this point the crowds, and even His disciples don’t’ know that He is the Messiah. Jesus only teaches them things that they are ready to hear.
But I think the main point is that Jesus wants His disciples to understand, and he wants us to understand that following him, and living a life that honors God is not just difficult – it’s impossible. You see that because the things He instructs us to do are simply not possible in our own strength. And it’s apparent from the beginning, especially from the first two beatitudes.
But let’s answer the questions first.
How many Beatitudes are there? 8 Verse 11 is just an elaboration of the last Beatitude which is found in verse 10. We know it’s the last beatitude because it parallels the first.
And how many types of people are described? 1. Jesus is teaching the characteristics of his followers. All these things will be true of those who follow Him.
And we see that the first and last beatitudes, which are in present tense, while all the others are in future tense, describe two identifying characteristics of the Christian. If those two are true, then the others will be true. But at this point we need to deepen our understanding of what they all mean.
Let’s look at the first two beatitudes. Poor in Spirit and Those who Mourn.
What does it mean to be poor in Spirit?
Maybe we should say first what it doesn’t mean: proud, arrogant, self reliant… I think it means humble teachable, conscious of my sin. Actually those are all symptoms of one who is poor in spirit. But a the root, it means someone who is aware that He has nothing to offer to God – neither good works, gifts, money – nothing that would merit His favor. His NEED is very apparent to Him because He sees how Holy God is, and how unable He is to please Him.
And when we think about the Gospel, and when we call Jesus our Savior… it’s clear that unless someone recognizes His NEED for a Savior, He can never benefit from Jesus’ salvation. And when we really understand our NEED, then the result can only be that we become Poor in Spirit. BUT from that condition we RECEIVE Salvation, and we begin to understand GRACE that says WE did nothing to DESERVE God’s love or even His favor, but He poured it out on us anyway. But I didn’t want to get to the good news until the end because we still have to talk about what it means to Mourn.
I think the second beatitude is very closely tied to the first. When we see our NEED, it should cause us to MOURN. We hate that we are unable to please God and we are grieved because of it. But I don’t think Jesus only intends that His followers Mourn their own sin, but also the sin and suffering in the World. It must sadden us. It must literally cause us Pain when we See it. And so we MOURN.
These Beatitudes are given to us in a way as a TEST. We are to examine ourselves. Do I feel poor in Spirit before God? Do I MOURN my sin? Do I MOURN the SIN around me, and in the world? If the answer is no, then this sermon is not for me. But Remember that this Sermon is for all followers of Christ. And if it does not apply to me, then I must not be a follower of Christ. This is a TEST to examine ourselves, and we MUST do so honestly. It does no good to anyone to pretend that we feel these things if we don’t. I’m not saying we should always feel them. Feeling them every once in a while tells us there’s something there. But in the times when we don’t feel poor in spirit or we don’t mourn sin, we need to reexamine ourselves before God. And we must mourn the fact that there are times when we don’t feel these things. It’s a process. We don’t’ change immediately when we decide to follow Christ. But the change MUST happen. And the test of the beatitudes confirms that we are indeed changing. Just like the Kingdom of God is both present and future, the promises of the beatitudes are both present and not yet.
I want to talk briefly about these promises. They are the most beautiful part of the beatitudes. Ours IS the kingdom of heaven. We WILL BE comforted. What comfort is Jesus talking about? There’s the present comfort, that we find in the hope, in the knowledge of the forgiveness of our sins, in the truth that God accepts us, loves us, gives us grace and favor even though we don’t deserve any of these blessings. The truth comforts us. Then there is the promise of the end of time when God “will dry every tear from their eyes, and there will be no more death, no more morning, no more crying, no more pain…” That is, there will be the comfort of Heaven.
All the beatitudes end this way, with a promise of something very beautiful. The first part always hurts. It always makes us look within to understand that we are not worthy. Then there is the promise of something incredibly beautiful. These are the beatitudes. They are found at the beginning of the sermon because they lay a foundation for the character of the Christian. Jesus teaches us how each of his followers will become when He has found Salvation.
If we study this sermon well, especially the beatitudes, we’ll understand that we can’t make ourselves like the person Jesus is describing. I cant’ make myself poor in spirit. I can’t make myself mourn. They are things that happen naturally. The are things that show us evidence of a change. And it’s a change that we can’t create in ourselves, but Jesus by the Holy Spirit must do it in us. But the fact that He will is another one of the greatest promises in the Bible. We just have to ask.
So we’ll see in the next few months what the other beatitudes are like – how they tear us down, and how the give us hope.